There have been many definitions and perspectives on the field of teaching and academic research. In 1998, under the direction of Ali Smida and Bernard Cadet, a team of researchers who took the initiative to develop dialogue and to develop “a common language” between inter academic disciplines. They gave the name as “International Association for Interdisciplinary Decision-making (A2ID), whose main objective is to promote interdisciplinary exchanges and research around decision-making, while advocating between different methodological approaches.